The electric car Tesla or how it all began

With the support of companies Pierce-Arrow Co. and General Electric in 1931 Tesla removed the petrol engine from the new car company "Pierce-Arrow" and replacing it with a standard electric AC power 80 hp (1800 rev / min) without any of the conventionally known external sources to power. Then he bought from a local store for the radio 12 tubes, some wires, a handful of resistors and collected all these benefits in a box with a length of 60 cm, width 30 cm, height 15 cm with two protruding rods with a length of 7.5 cm. Secure the box behind the driver's seat, he pulled rods and declared: "Now we have power." He then drove the car one week at up to 150 km / h.

Since the engine in the car was alternating current without any batteries, here the question arises - where it takes energy?Tesla responded: "From the ether around us." People began to say that Tesla was mad and there is no way not to be in league with sinister forces in the universe. This angry with Tesla, he removed his mysterious box from the vehicle and returned to his laboratory in New York. His secret went with him! " Asynchronous electric motors can operate with a very high frequency voltage, because they always lags the rotor by the magnetic field of the stator - that even with increasing frequency and increasing the speed of rotation of the magnetic field in the motor, it can work normal - the rotor is right as quickly rotates it, just "izostavaneto" it will be more! This solves the problem of reconstruction of electric Tesla: Suspected case of Tesla (which installed the same in their electric) contained oscillator connected with dipole antenna that emitted waves, which half-waves / half their length is longer than the box itself. They are reflected from walls (metal, but can with a wire mesh - reflective grille) and shortening in quantum mechanics and their energy is increased (up to minimum energy of the quantum - wave-particle in a limited space, lower values enegiyata it is impossible - the equation of Shryodingen - vazmozhtna minimum value of the energy of the quantum!) with frequency and are taken from another antenna for increased frequency where the received high frequency current, which can be was brought to the rectifier.This can be explained by the principle of uncertainty of Heisenberg while increasing spatial definiteness c reducing the space in which limited wave particle increases in proportion its momentum and therefore its energy. For specific scheme can only be guessed. It can be assumed that he used Framework / dipole antenna connected to dvulampovi oscillators for 2,2-3m waves (ok.100MHts) probably synchronized with inductive coupling - adequate length of the antenna 1,1-1,5m due to the rectangular shape of box and higher efficiency. The waves are shortening up to 30 cm (width 15 cm enclosure - 1/2 wavelength) receiving antennas / dipoles were length of 15 cm - suggests that raising efficiency has used several reception antennas! Here's another version of the famous electric Tesla. For clarification in dvulampoviyat oscillator will capacitors - it replaces capacity m / t electrodes e lamp. Today's semiconductor devices - transistors offer better opportunities of old lamps.

Self-powered EV happened probably with battery and dynamo connected to the transmission! If you drive with an asynchronous motor generator DC or AC 50Hz will have an effective switch (converter) for high capacity - the maximum capacity of the vacuum tube is 1kWh!

Ferrari fastest on the final day of the test of "Catalonia"

Sebastian Vettel made the fastest lap on the last day of the second pre-season test on the track "Catalonia" in Spain.Ferrari record time of 1: 22.852 minutes with tires SuperSoft the morning and also topped the ranking. The bottom after eight days of Scuderia is nice - it was the fastest in the joint ranking of the preseason and led to the other 5. Besides bang, Vettel made the most laps - a total of 142. Second sort pilot of Toro Rosso Carlos Sainz, who turned 133 laps. Felipe Massa was third with Williams and Sergio Perez fourth with Force India, which caused a red flag, stopping at 11th turn.

The pilot of the Mercedes Lewis Hamilton finished fifth for the first time this year exam technical problems. The champion made morning and afternoon car sat his teammate Nico Rosberg, who gave the least time. The 100 laps passed Daniel Ricciardo of Red Bull, Jenson Button with McLaren and Marcus Eriksson with Sauber. The top 10 Jolyon Palmer slipped to eighth position and Romain Grosjean on the 10th. Until the first race on the calendar already left two weeks - Grand Prix of Australia on 20 March

1.Sebastian Vettel (Ferrari) - 1: 22.852 minutes, 142 laps

2.Karlos Sainz (Toro Rosso) - 1: 23.134 minutes, 133 laps

3.Felip Mass (Williams) - 1: 23.644 minutes, 129 laps

4.Serhio Perez (Force India) - 1: 23.721 minutes, 60 laps

5.Lyuis Hamilton (Mercedes) - 1: 24.133 minutes, 69 laps

6.Daniel Ricardo (Red Bull) - 1: 24.427 minutes, 123 laps

7.Dzhensan Button (McLaren) - 1: 24.714 minutes, 121 laps

8.Dzholian Palmer (Renault) - 1: 24.859 minutes, 90 laps

9.Markus Erickson (Sauber) - 1: 25.031 minutes, 132 laps

10.Romen Grosjean (Lotus) - 1: 25.255 minutes, 66 laps

11.Esteban Gutierrez (Haas) - 1: 25.422 minutes, 25 laps

12.Rio Haryanto (Manor) - 1: 25.899 minutes, 58 laps

13.Niko Rosberg (Mercedes) - 1: 26.140 minutes, 70 laps

Raikkonen impressed with the fastest time from the start of testing in Barcelona

The Ferrari driver Kimi Raikkonen impressed with his performance in today's third day of the second series of pre-season testing in Barcelona. Finn closed the circumference of the track "Catalonia" to 1: 22.765 min., Thus recording the best result since the start of winter training of teams of Formula 1 in Spain.

The achievement of logical Raikkonen came in a simulation of a qualification lap using the new Pirelli tires with ultra-soft mixture. Today Kimi managed to make the first official test of the new safety system called "halo". It was developed by Mercedes-Benz together with the security committee of the FIA ​​and is a three-point Carbon ralbar head over to the pilot. The Brazilian driver of Williams Felipe Massa second. Former teammate Kimi at Ferrari, however, achieved his best time of 01: 23.193 with a hard slick tires. Raikkonen to the most aggressive tires fastest laps joined Nico Hülkenberg third of Force India and Max Verstappen for the team Toro Rosso with fourth time. Mercedes team continue to split test during his two pilots.Today Nico Rosberg was faster than his teammate Lewis Hamilton and record fifth time. The Briton was left with only 11th time, but both pilots champions focused over a long series of laps with the tires medium.

Williams faster than Mercedes and Ferrari in the second day of testing in Barcelona

Today the pilot of Williams' Valtteri Bottas surprise leading teams of Mercedes and Ferrari on track "Catalunya" near Barcelona. Finn recorded the fastest time on the second day of the second series of tests four days before the start of the 2016 season in Formula 1. Valtteri finished the day with a best time of 1: 23.261 reached with Pirelli slicks supermekite. With it he surpassed 0.4 sec.Lewis Hamilton second of totally dominant in the last years team Mercedes.

The Briton, however, works only with the soft tires today in simulation training tours. British star today make only 73, but the program makes only until noon. For comparison Botas turned a total of 107. Hamilton's main rival last season Sebastian Vettel Ferrari remained on track for 151 laps. More tours from German made today only Carlos Sainz Jr. for the team Toro Rosso - 166. However, four-time world champion, like pilots Mercedes in the first test set to work on the new car with the harder tires than its competitors and medium logically stick with fourth time. Hamilton's team-mate at Mercedes Nico Rosberg used the day to make a simulation of the whole race. So logically German remained with the fastest time, enough for ninth place.McLaren driver Jenson Button was fifth, but managed to stay on the track "Catalonia" for 121 laps, which was welcomed by the British team.

1. Welter Botas - Williams - 1: 23261-107 tours

2. Lewis Hamilton - Mercedes - 1: 23622-73 tours

3. Kevin Magnussen - Renault - 1: 23933-126 tours

4. Sebastian Vettel - Ferrari - 1: 24611-151 tours

5. Jenson Button - McLaren - 1: 25183-121 tours

6. Daniel Ricciardo - Red Bull - 1: 25235-135 tours

7. Carlos Sainz Jr - Toro Rosso - 1: 25300-166 tours

8. Sergio Perez - Force India - 1: 25593-128 tours

9. Nico Rosberg - Mercedes - 1: 26298-91 tours

10. Pascal Veerlayn - Manor - 1: 27064-79 tours

11. Marcus Eriksson - Sauber - 1: 27487-55 tours

12. Esteban Gutierrez - Haas - no time - 1 lap

Hamilton fastest to lunch on the second day of testing in Barcelona

Lewis Hamilton recorded the fastest time of the lunch break on the second day of the second series of tests for the year ending Barcelona. Briton changed his teammate in the Mercedes of Nico Rosberg yesterday, continuing to test a type of hard slick tires Pirelli compared with rivals. Kevin Magnussen qualified car Renault in the second position, which can only enjoy the French team.

Dane lagged by 0.3 seconds from Hamilton, but achieved his best time of 1: 23: 933 min. With the softer tires SuperSoft. The Ferrari driver Sebastian Vettel was third with a time to rest on the track "Catalonia". Four-time world champion dropped to second from the leader, but recording his best lap with a medium mixing Pirelli. This leaves the German major opportunity for improving the score with a new fastest slicks until the end of the day. Team McLaren today test Jenson Button. World champion in 2009 failed to repeat the strong pace of his teammate Fernando Alonso and at least until noon in fifth place. Britain lags behind the leader of the second half. Temporarily canceling the second day of the second four-day tests to lunch on the track near Barcelona "Catalonia":

1. Lewis Hamilton - Mercedes - 1: 23622-73 laps
2. Kevin Magnussen - Renault - 1: 23933-56 laps
3. Sebastian Vettel - Ferrari - 1: 24611-63 laps
4. Valtteri Bottas - Williams - 1: 25151-57 laps
5. Jenson Button - McLaren - 1: 25183-45 laps
6. Daniel Ricciardo - Red Bull - 1: 25235-42 laps
6. Carlos Sainz - Toro Rosso - 1: 25300-59 laps
8. Sergio Perez - Force India - 1: 26188-58 laps
9. Pascal Wehrlein - Manor - 1: 27064-43 laps
10. Marcus Ericsson - Sauber - No time - 7 laps
11. Esteban Gutierrez - Haas - No time - 1 lap

Mercedes: Still nothing is won

Mercedes does not believe in "another league" as talk of them other teams, judging by their performance on tests. The team from Brackley still practicing and soon to say whether it would again be a leader or not, says director Toto Wolff. In recent days quite pilots said that Mercedes is not hiding his good form again and have a huge advantage over others.

Despite praise Toto Wolff said that not all leaders have shown their true pace and it is too early to judge who will be the fastest this year. "We are honored by the words of the pilots, but that does not win races. It is still early, only pre-season tests. But I do not want to belittle our work. This year all do more laps, because the rules are stable and cars are optimized more reliable they are. I feel that this is our best start in several years, but first need to understand what they can rest. we have not seen Ferrari, Williams, Red Bull. Let us not suffer in the clouds still and wait until the Grand Prix of Australia. you will know who is where in reality, "said Wolf.

Botas: Mercedes are in another league

Valtteri Bottas believes that Mercedes and this year in "another league", judging by their performance during predsezonnnite tests. The pilot of the Williams team was at least able to fight with Ferrari and Red Bull's position "the best of the rest".

Mercedes hinted at his true pace on Tuesday when Rosberg led convincingly above the rest, improving with time Botas 0.207 seconds. "They are in their own league. Currently look in a very strong position and all will be difficult to compete with them early in the season. This is evident right now. Let's see. I'm sure it will develop test and we can expect more, "said the Finn. Asked whether his team will race against Ferrari, Valtteri replied: "It's always difficult to say in advance. We are roughly on a par with Ferrari and Red Bull, but I can not answer in detail. Now we have shown that if push a little, it immediately shows up in the times, which speaks well for our design. " "It is a pity that we can not catch up with Mercedes. We give everything and try still to do. The season is long, who knows. We hope to Melbourne to do a lot of improvements on the car. Do not lose faith yet" He added Botas.

Hamilton talks about his new helmet

The pilot of the Mercedes Lewis Hamilton take a few minutes to talk about the helmet, which will compete this season. Under the new rules pilots no longer have the right to change the design of helmets within a calendar so everyone should stick to one.

Lewis helmet for 2016 and does not differ dramatically from last year's him. The color scheme is almost unchanged and the most noticeable difference is the back, where there is now a crucifix and sides appeared three red stars on the occasion of his three world titles. Underneath there is room for four: "I hope one day to fill it with another star," said Hamilton.

Rosberg Mercedes back on top in the second test of "Catalonia"

The best time achieved by Nico Rosberg until noon today in the first day of the second series of tests in Barcelona remained unimproved until the end of the test.

So the German team ranked Mercedes first place for the first time since the preseason in 2016. Nico record time of 1: 23.022 min., And with a strong mixture of Pirelli slick tires compared to his rivals. Rosberg running on the track "Catalonia" in a total of 82 laps. The pilot of Williams' Valtteri Bottas approached closest to the dominant car in two years a team of Mercedes. However, the Finn fastest lap was a new ultra-soft slicks, but made an impressive total of 123 laps. Fernando Alonso maintained the third position by lunch and unlike the three tours that make total last week, today Alonsoremained in the car for 93 laps and gave great hopes of otherwise suffering team McLaren.

Kimi Raikkonen had technical problems in the afternoon anddid not improve his best achievement recorded by lunchtime.So Finn remained fourth to nearly two seconds from the leaderNico Rosberg.

1. Rosberg (Mercedes) - 1.23.022

2. Bottas (Uilyyams) - 1.23.229
3. Alonso (McLaren) - 1.24.735
4. Raikkonen (Ferrari) - 1.24.836
5. Kwiat (Red Bulle) - 1.25.049
6. Hamilton (Mercedes) - 1.25.051
7. Verstappen (Toro Rosso) - 1.25.176
8. Hulkenberg (Force India) - 1.25.336
9. Nasser (Sauber) - 1.25.493
10. Magnussen (Renault) - 1.25.760
11. Gutierrez (Haas) - 1.26.661
12. Haryanto (Manor) - 1.27.625

Ecclestone will not change the form of qualification for Australia

Bernie Ecclestone said that the introduction of the new format for qualification in F1 will be postponed for a few rounds, but it will happen in 2016-a. After a meeting of the Strategic Group and the F1 Commission in Geneva last week it became clear that the way to hold a Saturday session, determining the order of the grid for Sunday will acquire kind of eliminations, but now Ecclestone said he must wait because the software will not be ready before May. "We can not organize in time, so the first qualifications system will be as usual. The new format had to introduce yet for the start of the season, but the software is not ready, so it will most likely start from Spain. In Australia qualification will as usual, "according to Bernie.

Ricardo: I appreciate the fact that I am in F1 with top team

Daniel Ricciardo believes that it has already "quite completed pilot", but believes there is more to learn in Formula 1. The pilot of the Red Bull experienced two very different season with a championship team and now does not know what to expect from the third, but he hopes things stabilized. In 2014 Daniel beat his teammate Sebastian Vettel and recording three first places, but next year things did not work so well and so the Australian was left with only two podium."I've already experienced a lot and thanks to that now appreciate more everything I have.

In 2014 I was thankful for podiums and victories, and after several difficult races in 2015 and appreciate the good times even higher. I really understand how good my position in the sport and all that I have in Formula 1 with the top team. I think we've quite finished pilot, but I will not be naive - I know there is always something to learn and where to develop, "said Ricardo. At the end of last season, it was rumored that Ricardo could follow Vettel at Ferrari and now the question is it possible for 2017, Daniel said: "I still do not look that far ahead. Anything can happen, so I do not like I do so long-term plans. I want first season to start and run better position themselves better. Then, in the middle of the calendar might think about 2017 and everything else, but right now I'm focused on the upcoming season . my two years at Red Bull so far were very different from each other. I had big ups, but serious downs. Now things have stabilized and hope to achieve a lot. I am thrilled. "

Rosberg fastest until noon on the first day of the second series of tests in F1

Nico Rosberg for the first time since the preseason ranked team Mercedes in the first place. German record 1: 23.022 min. And also topped the ranking by lunchtime on the first day of the second four-day series of tests near Barcelona.Rosberg close of 0.222 seconds to the fastest lap of the early tests of "Catalonia" Sebastian Vettel Ferrari.

The champions finally revealed some of his speed by Nico improve his best time from last week by nearly two seconds.Second noon on the track "Catalonia" was Kimi Raikkonen of Ferrari team. Finn lagged behind Rosberg of 1.8 seconds and made two times less laps as everyone else. Fernando Alonso brought a smile team McLaren with the closing of the fastest lap time enough for third temporary position. Alonso managed to stay on track for a total of 50 laps, but behind the leader by more than two seconds.

Ranking the pilots until noon on the first day of the second series of tests on the track "Catalonia":
1. Nico Rosberg - Mercedes - 1: 23022-82 laps
2. Kimi Raikkonen - Ferrari - 1: 24836-42 laps
3. Fernando Alonso - McLaren - 1: 25252-50 laps
4. Valtteri Bottas - Williams - 1: 25255-58 laps
5. Max Verstappen - Toro Rosso - 1: 25356-59 laps
6. Nico Hulkenberg - Force India - 1: 25954-50 laps
7. Daniil Kvyat - Red Bull - 1: 26227-22 laps
8. Esteban Gutierrez - Haas - 1: 26661-23 laps
9. Felipe Nasr - Sauber - 1: 26923-42 laps
10 .. Kevin Magnussen - Renault - 1: 26981-54 laps
11. Rio Haryanto - Manor - No time - 2 laps

Toro Rosso came up with new colors for the second test of "Catalonia"

Before the start of the second pre-season test of 2016 Toro Rosso presented the new color scheme for your car. In the pit lane to "Catalonia" Both drivers team - Carlos Sainz and Max Verstappen, lifted the veil and showed shade of your car, then quickly went to work and took to the track. Taglian team that split with Renault and returned to Ferrari engines this season, was ready with his STR11 more for the first test but chose to put it in colors later. Now the car is ready and train hard for the start of the season in March. "We are proud of this car in terms of design and the time for making it built in Faenza," said team boss Franz Tost. Getting into the car today will sit Max Verstappen and tomorrow will replace his teammate Sainz.

Renault: Formula 1 will become the Championship fuel savings

F1 risks becoming a confused Championship fuel savings if the current restrictions for up to 100 kg of fuel are not elevated or simply eliminate this rule. This is the opinion of the technical director at Renault Nick Chester. The transition to the new turbo hybrid rules in 2014 aimed at reducing by 40 percent in fuel consumption compared with a V8 naturally aspirated engine.

All this is fine, but considering new rules for more compression to track cars that will also be more severe, that cause most people associated with the sport, to consider the rule of hundred kilos of fuel allowed during a race. Accounts movements fuel needs for cars with the new rules for next season would increase by over 10%, which will lead to a big problem for most teams on the grid in his goal to finish to any race. It will get so that teams will save fuel 20 laps before the finish, simply because they will not reach to finish. Team bosses have not yet reached agreement on changing the rules, but Nick Chester believes need to make a change in this respect because the sport risks losing drastic part of its viewers:

"I think it will be a mess. At the last meeting on technical rules we voted to get rid of the rule to limit the fuel. This injection amount will remain so still keep some ECO-aspect in sports, which makes cars do not burn a lot of fuel, but the removal of the overall limit would eliminate the need for movements to be limited to the fuel, which somehow I think it's good for the sport. If we stay at 100 pounds with rules in 2017, then F1 will become the Championship saving fuel, "warned Nick. Besides that cars will become more severe, the change in the compression of the runway will drive pushing pilots to further machines, which will result in a larger consumption of the engines. Chester added that according to calculations movements much much fuel would be needed for a race distance:

"The consensus among teams is about 10 kg, because the percentages for the submission of full throttle will increase dramatically with the new cars. This means you will burn more fuel. Mercedes did not need to use all of 100 kg of fuel throughout the race in last season. Anyone can achieve it, but I think even they will have to save fuel. "

Ultimately it comes down to the deadline April 30 when all teams will have to adopt new rules. For now, those who perform less well in the championship, pushing for new rules and to bridge the gap between all teams. On the other side are Mercedes, who believe that the abolition of the limit of fuel will help many of their rivals and would not be fair to them. Game positions between producers a deadline and he is 30 April and then it will become clear what we expect.

Until then there is time, and Nick Chester finished his speech by saying that if you want all the performance of the teams to improve, it should be no limit related to fuel:

"There is a way to help, and very, engine manufacturers, and lose this unnecessary rule limiting the amount of fuel."

Sauber presented their new car

Sauber presented a new car with which pilots Marcus Ericsson and Felipe Nasr will compete in season 2016 in F1. C35 is the engine Ferrari has kept the color scheme of its predecessor with yellow and blue. He will take part in the second pre-season test of "Catalonia" this week after the first team include car from last year. The team explained that the car is an evolution of that of 2015, but "with a slightly different philosophy" in terms of design, especially aerodynamics. C35 was the last car new car and now remains only Toro Rosso to show their shade.

Daniel Ricciardo: The engine now displays more power

Team Red Bull managed to convince Renault and continue contract to supply engines for the French season 2016. For the new championship but engines will bear the name of one of their main sponsors - TAG Heuer.So after the first tests noticed immediate change in the attitude of the team for the quality of rebranding V6 turbocharged power unit.

First good impressions said the pilot of the team Daniel Ricciardo: "From the data collected during the first four days of testing in Barcelona, ​​shows an increase in power compared with last year. Still settings we are quite conservative because mainly working on improving endurance, "said Ricardo."Last year Renault made some improvements, but were limited by the lack of real development of the engine. This year we expect very different behavior with big steps forward. I am glad that even before the start of the season we have more powerful engines to be further developed during the year, "concluded the Australian.